GenLayer Intelligent Contracts

GenLayer enables Intelligent Contracts - Python smart contracts that can call LLMs, fetch web data, and handle non-deterministic operations while maintaining blockchain consensus.

Quick Start

Minimal Contract

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
from genlayer import *

class MyContract(gl.Contract):
    value: str
    
    def __init__(self, initial: str):
        self.value = initial
    
    @gl.public.view
    def get_value(self) -> str:
        return self.value
    
    @gl.public.write
    def set_value(self, new_value: str) -> None:
        self.value = new_value

Contract with LLM

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
from genlayer import *
import json

class AIContract(gl.Contract):
    result: str
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.result = ""
    
    @gl.public.write
    def analyze(self, text: str) -> None:
        prompt = f"Analyze this text and respond with JSON: {text}"
        
        def get_analysis():
            return gl.nondet.exec_prompt(prompt)
        
        # All validators must get the same result
        self.result = gl.eq_principle.strict_eq(get_analysis)
    
    @gl.public.view
    def get_result(self) -> str:
        return self.result

Contract with Web Access

# v0.1.0
# { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
from genlayer import *

class WebContract(gl.Contract):
    content: str
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.content = ""
    
    @gl.public.write
    def fetch(self, url: str) -> None:
        url_copy = url  # Capture for closure
        
        def get_page():
            return gl.nondet.web.render(url_copy, mode="text")
        
        self.content = gl.eq_principle.strict_eq(get_page)
    
    @gl.public.view
    def get_content(self) -> str:
        return self.content

Core Concepts

Contract Structure

1. Version header: # v0.1.0 (required)
2. Dependencies: # { "Depends": "py-genlayer:latest" }
3. Import: from genlayer import *
4. Class: Extend gl.Contract (only ONE per file)
5. State: Class-level typed attributes
6. Constructor: init (not public)
7. Methods: Decorated with @gl.public.view or @gl.public.write

Method Decorators

| Decorator | Purpose | Can Modify State |

|-----------|---------|------------------|

| @gl.public.view | Read-only queries | No |

| @gl.public.write | State mutations | Yes |

| @gl.public.write.payable | Receive value + mutate | Yes |

Storage Types

Replace standard Python types with GenVM storage-compatible types:

| Python Type | GenVM Type | Usage |

|-------------|------------|-------|

| int | u32, u64, u256, i32, i64, etc. | Sized integers |

| int (unbounded) | bigint | Arbitrary precision (avoid) |

| list[T] | DynArray[T] | Dynamic arrays |

| dict[K,V] | TreeMap[K,V] | Ordered maps |

| str | str | Strings (unchanged) |

| bool | bool | Booleans (unchanged) |

⚠️ int is NOT supported! Always use sized integers.

Address Type

# Creating addresses
addr = Address("0x03FB09251eC05ee9Ca36c98644070B89111D4b3F")

# Get sender
sender = gl.message.sender_address

# Conversions
hex_str = addr.as_hex      # "0x03FB..."
bytes_val = addr.as_bytes  # bytes

Custom Data Types

from dataclasses import dataclass

@allow_storage
@dataclass
class UserData:
    name: str
    balance: u256
    active: bool

class MyContract(gl.Contract):
    users: TreeMap[Address, UserData]

Non-Deterministic Operations

The Problem

LLMs and web fetches produce different results across validators. GenLayer solves this with the Equivalence Principle.

Equivalence Principles

1. Strict Equality (strict_eq)

All validators must produce identical results.

def get_data():
    return gl.nondet.web.render(url, mode="text")

result = gl.eq_principle.strict_eq(get_data)

Best for: Factual data, boolean results, exact matches.

2. Prompt Comparative (prompt_comparative)

LLM compares leader's result against validators' results using criteria.

def get_analysis():
    return gl.nondet.exec_prompt(prompt)

result = gl.eq_principle.prompt_comparative(
    get_analysis,
    "The sentiment classification must match"
)

Best for: LLM tasks where semantic equivalence matters.

3. Prompt Non-Comparative (prompt_non_comparative)

Validators verify the leader's result meets criteria (don't re-execute).

result = gl.eq_principle.prompt_non_comparative(
    lambda: input_data,  # What to process
    task="Summarize the key points",
    criteria="Summary must be under 100 words and factually accurate"
)

Best for: Expensive operations, subjective tasks.

4. Custom Leader/Validator Pattern

result = gl.vm.run_nondet(
    leader=lambda: expensive_computation(),
    validator=lambda leader_result: verify(leader_result)
)

Non-Deterministic Functions

| Function | Purpose |

|----------|---------|

| gl.nondet.exec_prompt(prompt) | Execute LLM prompt |

| gl.nondet.web.render(url, mode) | Fetch web page (mode="text" or "html") |

⚠️ Rules:

• Must be called inside equivalence principle functions
• Cannot access storage directly
• Copy storage data to memory first with gl.storage.copy_to_memory()

Contract Interactions

Call Other Contracts

# Dynamic typing
other = gl.get_contract_at(Address("0x..."))
result = other.view().some_method()

# Static typing (better IDE support)
@gl.contract_interface
class TokenInterface:
    class View:
        def balance_of(self, owner: Address) -> u256: ...
    class Write:
        def transfer(self, to: Address, amount: u256) -> bool: ...

token = TokenInterface(Address("0x..."))
balance = token.view().balance_of(my_address)

Emit Messages (Async Calls)

other = gl.get_contract_at(addr)
other.emit(on='accepted').update_status("active")
other.emit(on='finalized').confirm_transaction()

Deploy Contracts

child_addr = gl.deploy_contract(code=contract_code, salt=u256(1))

EVM Interop

@gl.evm.contract_interface
class ERC20:
    class View:
        def balance_of(self, owner: Address) -> u256: ...
    class Write:
        def transfer(self, to: Address, amount: u256) -> bool: ...

token = ERC20(evm_address)
balance = token.view().balance_of(addr)
token.emit().transfer(recipient, u256(100))  # Messages only on finality

CLI Commands

Setup

npm install -g genlayer
genlayer init      # Download components
genlayer up        # Start local network

Deployment

# Direct deploy
genlayer deploy --contract my_contract.py

# With constructor args
genlayer deploy --contract my_contract.py --args "Hello" 42

# To testnet
genlayer network set testnet-asimov
genlayer deploy --contract my_contract.py

Interaction

# Read (view methods)
genlayer call --address 0x... --function get_value

# Write
genlayer write --address 0x... --function set_value --args "new_value"

# Get schema
genlayer schema --address 0x...

# Check transaction
genlayer receipt --tx-hash 0x...

Networks

genlayer network                    # Show current
genlayer network list               # Available networks
genlayer network set localnet       # Local dev
genlayer network set studionet      # Hosted dev
genlayer network set testnet-asimov # Testnet

Best Practices

Prompt Engineering

prompt = f"""
Analyze this text and classify the sentiment.

Text: {text}

Respond using ONLY this JSON format:
{{"sentiment": "positive" | "negative" | "neutral", "confidence": float}}

Output ONLY valid JSON, no other text.
"""

Security: Prompt Injection

• Restrict inputs: Minimize user-controlled text in prompts
• Restrict outputs: Define exact output formats
• Validate: Check parsed results match expected schema
• Simplify logic: Clear contract flow reduces attack surface

Error Handling

from genlayer import UserError

@gl.public.write
def safe_operation(self, value: int) -> None:
    if value <= 0:
        raise UserError("Value must be positive")
    # ... proceed

Memory Management

# Copy storage to memory for non-det blocks
data_copy = gl.storage.copy_to_memory(self.some_data)

def process():
    return gl.nondet.exec_prompt(f"Process: {data_copy}")

result = gl.eq_principle.strict_eq(process)

Common Patterns

Token with AI Transfer Validation

See references/examples.md → LLM ERC20

Prediction Market

See references/examples.md → Football Prediction Market

Vector Search / Embeddings

See references/examples.md → Log Indexer

Debugging

1. GenLayer Studio: Use genlayer up for local testing
2. Logs: Filter by transaction hash, debug level
3. Print statements: print() works in contracts (debug only)

Reference Files

• references/sdk-api.md - Complete SDK API reference
• references/equivalence-principles.md - Consensus patterns in depth
• references/examples.md - Full annotated contract examples (incl. production oracle)
• references/deployment.md - CLI, networks, deployment workflow
• references/genvm-internals.md - VM architecture, storage, ABI details

Links

• Docs: https://docs.genlayer.com
• SDK: https://sdk.genlayer.com
• Studio: https://studio.genlayer.com
• GitHub: https://github.com/genlayerlabs